第二十三章 指尖如酒(2/2)

点击下面网址进入新版阅读页:www.doupowan.com(斗破小说网 ),全新UI设计,增加会员书架,阅读记录等功能,更好的阅读体验,精彩不容错过。

Theprinciplecanusethetheoryofbasicassumptionstounderstandtheemployees,andtomotiveaswellastoinductthem.Iftheworkersalwaysgetpositiveassumptionsfromthecampusenvironment,theymayoptimisticandwillingtocontribute,andviseversa.Theleadermayalsousethebasicassumptionstogetanalysisoftheinstitutionandworkers,thushelpdesigningthefuture.

◆Intelligence

In1904,AlfredBinetinventedamethodtoidentifythosechildreninschoolwhoneededspecialhelp.Therebyamethodcameouttotellpeople’sintelligence.TheresultofthistestingsystemiscalledIntelligenceQuotient,alsoknownasIQ.Theprinciplecanusetheintelligencedistinguishsystemtosortoutstudents,anddecidethecurriculum.Forexample,thestudentswhoareespeciallygiftedwithhighIQmayfindtheregularcurriculumtooeasy,thusbecomeimpatientandlackconcentrationonschoolwork.Onthecontrary,studentswhoaredisadvantagedintermsofintelligencemayfaceparticularchallengeandgetfrustrationfeelingwithoutspecifichelp.Ahigh-qualifiedleadershouldmakesurethestaffunderstandandareabletocaterforthedifferentneedsoftwoextremestudents.

Later,onthebasisofIQ,atermcalledEQwasdeveloped.Itreferstopeople’semotionalintelligence.BeingaGreatLeaderRequiresEmotionalIntelligence.

◆HumanCapital

Humanresourcesarepreciousassetsofaninstitution.Itseemshardtopredicthumancapitalsometimes,becausehumanbeingsarechangeable,easytobeaffectedbymanyexternalorinternalfactors.However,usingsomespecificpsychologicalprinciplesconcerninghumanresources,canfacilitatetheprincipletotrain,motivate,andevaluatethestaff.

Employmentcanbedifficult,andanyerrormayturntobetroublesomeandcostly.Thesubsequentprocessisnoteasier.Thatiswhythehumanresourcesmanagementhasbecomeacriticalelementtooperateasuccessfulschool.Humanresourcesadministratorsmustworknotonlytorecruittheproperstaff,butalsopromoteaschool’senvironment.

◆LearningOrganization

Stayingcompetitiveintoday’seconomyisessentialtoanyorganization.Schoolorganizationsalsomustbenimbleandagiletosurvive.Thatrequiresdevelopingincreasedabilitytosense,evenpredict,theproblemsposedbytheirenvironmentsandinventsolutionstothem.Thisispartoftheconceptofthelearningorganization:anorganization,learnstonimblyadapttounfoldingchangesintheenvironment.Itisalsocalledorganizationdevelopment.

Inalearningorganization,theworkerscontinuallyenhancetheircapabilitiestocreatewhattheywanttocreate.Organizationsarespendingmoretimeandfeetoinsuretheemployeesupdatedtothestate-of-artknowledge,thankstothequickdevelopmentoftechnology.Itisreasonabletopredictthatinthefuture,continuouslearningcapacitywouldbecrucialtorecruit.Thejobseekermayhardlytobehiredwithoutpresentingexcellentlearningability.

◆ContingencyView

Thecontingencyviewholdsthatthereisnoonebestwayofmanagingunderallconditions,butthatthereareoptimalwaysofmanagingconflictundercertainconditions.Therearesituational-contingentfactorsthataffectaleader'sabilitytolead.Theeffectivenessofworkersdependsonhowgoodamatchexistsbetweentheleadershipstyleoftheleaderandthedemandsofthesituation.

Theleaders,whocanactuallyexertcontroloverthestaff,excellentlygettaskinvolved,andsuccessfullyacceptedbythesubordinates,aremorelikelytoleadtheschoolintoabrightfuture.Theprinciplewhoholdsacontingencyview,maygivedifferentinductionstodifferentnewteachers,accordingtotheirdiversepersonalities.

◆Likert’sfoursystems

System1:exploitive-authoritative(orpunitive-authoritarian),theleaderhasalowconcernforpeopleandusessuchmethodsasthreatsandotherfear-basedmethodstoachieveconformance.;System2:benevolent-authoritative(orpaternalistic-authoritarian),theresponsibilityliesatthemanageriallevelsbutnotatthelowerlevelsoftheorganizationalhierarchy;System3:consultativesystem,thesuperiorhassubstantialbutnotcomplete,trustandconfidenceinhissubordinates;4:theparticipative(orgroupinteractive)modelofanorganizationalsystem,superiorshavecompleteconfidenceintheirsubordinates,andmotivationisbyeconomicrewardsbasedongoalswhichhavebeensetinparticipation.

Lowerthenumber,thesystemismorelikelytobeoperatedbasedontheoryX.Higherthenumberis,thesystemismorelikelytobeoperatedbasedontheoryY.

Theleaderinexploitive-authoritativeconcernlittleforpeople,andpreferstousefear-basedmethodssuchasthreatstoachieveconformance.Thismanagementmethodcanbeeffective.However,itcanalsostiflepeople’screativity,whichisthemostpreciousvalueofhumancapital.Ipredictinfuture,themostsuccessfulschools’leadersshouldpreferparticipativestyle,ratherthanopposite.